Lately, remarkable attention has been developed to design eco-friendly catalysts and synthetic procedures for the Hantzsch reaction. Consequently, there is further improvement toward more sustainable protocol for the fabrication of PHQ derivatives. However, some of these synthetic methods suffer from the usage of toxic organic solvents, long reaction time, harsh reaction conditions, a great amount of catalyst, and low yields. The new techniques have been developed to improve the reaction efficiency in the preparation of PHQ derivatives in the presence of catalysts including 3 15, 16, Fe 3O 2/ZnCl 2 17, ascorbic acid 18, NiAlTi LDH 19, and CNNs-Bu-SO 3H 20. Thus, the production of PHQ derivatives is of great importance. Polyhydroquinoline (PHQ) derivatives as a significant class of nitrogen heterocycle compounds can be converted into biological compounds, displaying promising pharmaceutical and biological properties, including antitumor, antidiabetic, platelet anti-aggregation, bronchodilator, antibacterial, and neurotropic 11, 12, 13, 14.
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are defined as attractive and powerful synthetic protocols for producing highly complex molecules and biological significance molecules owing to the formation of C–C and C–heteroatom bonds in a one-pot manner through an easy tandem synthetic method with step-efficiency and atom-economy 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
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